Suprema Cars Report free essay sample

Applying the Nursing Code of Ethics to Patient Care Essay -- Nursing P

Medical caretakers have the best potential for improving a patient’s prosperity. As a calling, medical attendants need to advance the guiding principle and code of Ethics among them. Medical caretaker experts are required to comprehend and rehearse the particular information and aptitudes of fundamental beliefs, for example, nurture mindful, promotion, comprehensive quality and polished methodology to help the patients in their basic condition (Volp 2007a). This exposition will talk about the basic beliefs of mindful nursing practice and code of morals comparable to the youthful patient who is experiencing paraplegia. Paternalism An arrangement or practice of treating individuals patients in a caring way, particularly by accommodating their needs without giving them obligations. Paternalistic practices, wherein suppliers give a treatment or administration upon an individual or people without their assent, apparently by reason of their restricted self-rule or decreased limit, are across the board in medicinal services and in social orders the world over. Various issues encompass paternalistic practices (Cody WK). So specialists and medical caretakers settle on choice about the treatment of patients or their customers, yet it is against the patient’s decisions or contemplations, as per specialists and attendants, it is gainful for the patient (Jones). Then again, when patient take independent choice then they will get some self-hurt, along these lines, struggle emerges between the attendants those are working of the patient consideration and the patient’s right to self-sufficiency. Often, attendan ts and other clinical staff utilized the paternalistic activity to determine the issue (Jones). As indicated by the Jones (p.379) recommended that, paternalism and self-governance as two conversely fluctuating parameters along a range of independence’. In addition, medical caretakers and specialists made a lopsidedness between... ...ier, thing: A 11355240. Johnstone, M 2005, ‘Ethics and Professional practice’, in J Crisp and Taylor (eds.), Potter and Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing, Melbourne, Australia. Path, P, O’Brien, U, Gooney, MA and Reid, T 2005, ‘The movement of comprehensive quality into postgraduate educational programs in basic consideration nursing’, Dimensions of basic consideration nursing, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 131-138, saw 6 May 2011, EBSCOhost database Academic Search Premier, thing: A 17099480. Moore C 2008, ‘A caring nurse’, Bella Online: The Voice of Women, saw 1 March 2011, http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art43027.asp Rowe, J 2005, ‘Nursing: the specialty of caring’, in J Crisp and Taylor (eds.), Potter and Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing, Brisbane, Australia. Taylor, C 2005, ‘Managing Client Care’ in J Crisp and C Taylor (eds.), Potter and Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing, Melbourne, Australia.

Article Review Writing Services in Canada

Article Review Writing Services in CanadaArticle review writing services in Canada may seem like a quaint idea in a very fast paced world. It seems a little foreign to people outside of North America.If you're a writer, then you have to be wondering how you are going to earn a living with your writing if the people that you write for aren't going to be interested in reviewing your articles. There are people who need help reviewing articles because they don't know where to find quality information, and they don't trust web sites that pay for it, to have quality content.People search for article review services because they need high quality information. If you can provide them that, then they will feel more comfortable sending you the information they need. This is one area of business that many people think doesn't exist yet it actually does.Article review writing services in Canada can be helpful. You can be creative when it comes to finding the right people to provide you with the content you need. You should consider the niche of what you're writing about when you're deciding on people to work with.This is important because some of the people you need will be used to writing articles for other clients, so they have the ability to review your work. If you hire writers from other countries that don't speak English as their first language, you should consider including some way for them to make contact with you to make sure they're working with someone who knows what they're doing.Most of the people who offer article review writing services in Canada can easily be contacted through email. If you're in a hurry and can't find the time to talk to them personally, then find a company that specializes in providing this service.It's always better to be certain that you're going to be able to communicate with your writer on a regular basis before you hire them to write an article review for you. This will give you the assurance that you'll have the opportunity to impr ove your relationship with your writer if you need to make any changes.Many people are looking for article review writing services in Canada because they've found they can't get the articles they need. They want quality information, and they don't trust companies that are only interested in money and not their readers.

Discrimination And Separation Among Men And Women

Throughout the beginnings of the United States of America, there have been conflicts that have originated in discrimination and separation amongst the citizens. The issues have ranged from problems with racism and separation of blacks to unequal opportunities and rights for women. The majority of the issues have been solved or lessened to some extent. Women began to fight for equal opportunities long ago eventually earning the right to vote with the 19th amendment along with several other rights and opportunities. The 19th amendment said that no one would be denied the right to vote of the basis of sex or race. However, one separation remained up until the passing of Title IX, the inequality in sports between men and women. Title IX started the process of equalizing sports as it stated â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or ac tivity receiving federal financial assistance† (Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972). This proposition led to the eventually addition of several women’s sports teams at the high school and collegiate levels. These additions led to equal opportunities for women everywhere in the sports world, thus qualifying Title IX as a positive piece of legislation. Due to the need for equality between men and women in sports, Title IX should be enforced both in high school and college athletics in order toShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality And Racial Prejudice1130 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, each leading to complex interactions among people. Traditionally, most of these rigid views have supported the dominance of men and the subservience of women in most social structures. In her article entitled: Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color, Kimberle Williams Crenshaw introduced the term â€Å"Intersectionality.† Inte rsectionality is the theory that different types of discriminations interact with one another. This notion goes handRead MoreSociology and Social Norms Essay examples1246 Words   |  5 Pagesgender as the â€Å"socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women†. In sociology, the term gender refers to the differences suggested by the society while categorising human beings as masculine and feminine. Therefore, gender is not biological, but by how people look at the roles of men and women. A role is a â€Å"comprehensive pattern of behaviour that is socially recognized, providing a means of identifying and placing an individualRead MoreDiscrimination : Women s Oppression Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesName: Tutor: Course: Date Due: Discrimination of women in workplace The issue of Ladies discrimination in the work environment has been around for a long time. Despite the fact that women currently have more money and power than ever before, there is still a considerable measure of work to be completed to guarantee that supreme uniformity turns into reality for all ladies all through the world. This essay covers the issue of gender discrimination in the workplace, male states of mind towards ladiesRead MoreSocial Stratification And Its Effects On Physical And Mental Differences1216 Words   |  5 Pages For as long as there has awareness of physical differences in people there has been social stratification. Social stratification is the separation of based on physical and mental differences. Every society exhibits a pattern of separation between its people. We will focus mainly on the United States and how they organize people based on the three main organizing principles, class, race, and gender. Social class is defines as â€Å"the grouping of individuals by economic position† (Larkin, Para. 9)Read MoreThe Exploitation Of Africans And Members Of The African Diaspora1635 Words   |  7 Pagesthe African diaspora continues as a controversial topic among cultural critics because of America’s unwillingness to accept the flaws of its past. Discussions on whether the sentiments of slavery still impact people of the African diaspora are intricate. Furthermore, the marginalization of people of the African Diaspora continues to complexify the issue. Social concepts in modern America such as education, nationhood, fact making, discrimination, racism, systematic oppression, etc. all relate back toRead MoreThe Rise Of The Civil Rights Movement1179 Words   |  5 Pagesprotest, many African Americans, women, and homosexuals were able to gain recognition and break down the walls of discrimination and segregations. Out of the numerous elements that arose in the 1960s, ther e are three movements that truly affected the American society. Firstly, the rise of the civil rights movement was greatly influenced by racial discrimination of colored people in the South. Secondly, the women’s movement aimed to convince the society that women are capable of achieving and maintainingRead MoreGender Roles Of The Indian Society1344 Words   |  6 Pages As we develop, we learn how to act from those around us. In this process, families are introduced to certain roles that are characteristically connected to their birth sex. The term gender role refers to society s concept of how men and women are projected to behave. These roles are typically founded on customs or standards, fashioned and often enforced by society. In many cultures such as in the United States, male roles are usually related with power, and governance, while female roles areRead More Discrimination in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay example812 Words   |  4 PagesIn the literary work Of Mice and Men, the reader is introduced to the ranch as a world of its own, within which prejudice plays a significant part. The characters in this novel act as a community in a world of their own, having no connections to any other type of society. A strong point, enforced through many examples in the book, is the constant ability of the stronger to overcome the weaker. The prej udices of the majority towards the minority, at the ranch are the white-males, who retain powerRead MoreEmployment Discrimination During The United States1297 Words   |  6 PagesEmployment discrimination strikes numerous gatherings of people and has been going on for a long time. In the U.S., this type of discrimination happens at whatever point a business or its delegates purposely single out representatives or candidates on the premise of age, race, sex, sexual introduction, incapacity, religion and an assortment of different reasons. Laws have been readied to debilitate segregation from happening. Rise to circumstances laws plan to make a level playing field with theRead MoreGender Equality And The Empowerment Of Women Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesdivision and discrimination but also filled with major accomplishments by female athletes and important advances for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. It is important to know how women impacted sports and ope ned doors for new possibilities. The principal objective of Title IX is to stop the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs and to provide individual citizens helpful protection against those practices (Casey). Over the past 40 years, women sports

Effects Of Hypertension On High Blood Pressure - 999 Words

2.2HYPERTENSION 2.2.1DEFINITION: Hypertension has been defined as systolic pressure 140mmhg and diastolic pressure 90mmhg based on the average of two or more correct blood pressure measurement taken during two or more contacts with a health care provider (Chobania et al,2003). 2.2.2 CLASSIFICATION: It has been classified by the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention ,Detection, Evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure(JNC, 2003) TYPE MEASUREMENT(mmHg) Normal 120/80 Pre-hypertension 120/80-139/89 1st stage 140/90-159/99 2nd stage 160/100 2.2.3 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Hypertension is called the silent killer because often there are only mild symptoms and sometimes no noticeable symptoms at all. Symptoms of high blood pressure include headache that worsens when bending over, general weakness and fatigue, bilateral swelling of the ankles, chest pain with occasional shortness of breath, palpitations and sweating. Often hypertension has no symptoms at all, and the only way to accurately determine whether you have a problem is to have your blood pressure checked regularly by a qualified health professional (Avenue Group, 2009). 2.2.4 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO HYPERTENSION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN. Genetic factors, environmental factors, and change in sex hormone levels have each been implicated in the development of hypertension. Interactions between gender, the genetic background, environmental factors, and changes in sex hormones have beenShow MoreRelatedHypertension And Its Effects On Hypertension1672 Words   |  7 Pages WHAT IS HYPERTENSION ERICA SAAVEDRA PALM BEACH VOCATIONAL INSTITUTE WHAT IS HYPERTENSION Hypertension, sometimes known as â€Å"Silent Killer† is America’s freighting combative illness we struggle to regulate. Due too many health risk factors, many people are sometimes unaware of hypertension until suffering from severe damaging effects. High blood pressure is a growing problem in today’s life Controlling it is the key priority. Approximately 50 million people in the United StatesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Hypertension1579 Words   |  7 Pages Franklin Delano Roosevelt, like many adults today, suffered from high blood pressure due to a lack of modern medicine that regulates and maintains hypertension. However, in the past fifty years, a wide range of hypertension (high blood pressure) medications have been created that have normalized the blood pressure of a majority of patients. Additionally, the alleviation of hypertension resulted in a decrease in other fatal incidents such as stroke and heart attack. Despite the fact that the creationRead MoreTaking a Look at Arterial Hypertension1401 Words   |  6 PagesHypertension Arterial hypertension, symptons, consequences and prevention. Christye Candell Hypertension Arterial hypertension increases in a chronic way the arterial pressure. This disease will not show symptoms during a long period of time, hypertension is also known as the silence disease. If hypertension is not treated, it can develop serious complications like heart attacks, cerebral thrombosis or hemorrhage but this can be prevented if it’s controlled adequately on time. Arteries are theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Hypertension1599 Words   |  7 Pagesbody; hypertension certainly applies to this due to its effect on both the mind and the body alike. Hypertension occurs when an individual has abnormally and excessively high blood pressure, in which stress is highly related to. High blood pressure can be perilous because it makes the heart work even harder in order to pump blood into your body, which ultimately leads to heart failure or other illnesses such as kidney disease and strokes. Approximately 29% of Americans suffer from high blood pressure;Read MoreGestation al Hypertension Developed Into Preeclampsia1491 Words   |  6 PagesHypertension is defined as persistent increase of blood pressure in human body. A pregnant women is considered high blood pressure when the systolic reading is greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic reading greater than 90 mmHg. High blood pressure in pregnancy is also known as ‘gestational hypertension’. Gestational hypertension could lead to development of a condition called preeclampsia. Initially, gestational hypertension is a new onset of high blood pressure after the 20th weeks of pregnancy withoutRead MoreHypertension And Health Complications, Prevention, Treatment Options, And Effects1176 Words   |  5 PagesThis powerful disease known as Hypertension runs through many in my family. That is including my mothers and fathers side. My grandmother on my mothers side, whom is now living with us, struggles with hypertension on a daily basis. This research paper will further explain this disease, the cause(s), health complications, prevention, treatment options, diet’s role, and effect(s) of physical exercise. Hypertension is a another way of saying High Blood Pressure (HBP). Markus MacGill author of an articleRead MoreHypertension ( Htn ), Or High Blood Pressure1000 Words   |  4 PagesHypertension (HTN), or high blood pressure, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disorders and is one of the most common health issues among adults. It affects nearly 50 million people in the United States and over 1 billion around the world (Porth, 2015, p. 425). Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted on arterial walls as blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart. A certain amount of pressure is necessary in order to perfuse blood throughout the whole body. Normal blood pressureRead More Hypertension Essay example607 Words   |  3 Pages Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure. A normal blood pressure is 120/80. A blood pressure reading higher or equal to 140/90 is considered abnormally high. Elevated blood pressure means your heart is working harder than normal, p utting both your heart and arteries under great strain. High blood pressure is serious business. On average, people with uncontrolled hypertension are:Seven times more likely to have a stroke. Six times more likely to develop congestive heart failureRead MoreLiving With Hypertension ( Htc )1161 Words   |  5 PagesLiving With Hypertension(HTC) Kimberly Hunt HS200 Diseases of the Human Body Unit 4 Capstone Project Living With Hypertension Kaplan University August 19, 2014 Hypertension (HTC)Read Morenur 427 Larry garcia poc1743 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Patient Education Plan on Hypertension for Larry Garcia Background of Larry Garcia Larry Garcia is a 45years old Hispanic male who was newly diagnosed with hypertension during a work-related physical exam. He has been married for eighteen years and has three children. He has been employed as a sales rep for ten years with the same company. His current position is a high pressured position, but he is performing very well at this present time. His is Catholic but only attends church on holidays

Barack Obama free essay sample

When he was two years old, his parents separated and later divorced. After his father received his Doctor of Philosophy in Economics from Harvard, he moved back to his native country of Kenya, where he became a finance minister until he was killed in a car accident in 1982. His mother remarried, and Obama moved with his mother and new stepfather to Indonesia in 1967. There, Obama attended local schools from ages six to ten, where he received weekly lessons in the Catholic faith. After moving to a new neighborhood, he attended a secular government-run school and then received weekly lessons in Islam, the predominant religion of Indonesia. When he was in the third grade, Obama wrote an essay saying that one day he would like to become President, and the reason being he wanted to make everyone happy. When Obama was in fifth grade, he returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents. There, he attended a private college preparatory school until his graduation in 1979. Growing up in Honolulu was not easy for Obama because of his struggles to come to terms with the social perceptions of his multiracial heritage. In his book, Dreams from My Father, Obama wrote that he used alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine during his teenage years to push questions of who he was out of his mind. Some of his fellow peers from his preparatory school in Hawaii have also said that Obama was very mature for his age as a high school student and that he sometimes attended parties in order to be with African American college students and military service people. Living those adolescent years in Hawaii, where there is a variety of cultures and a mutual respect for the different cultures, became the basis for the values that Obama holds today. After high school, Obama moved to Los Angeles, where he attended Occidental College for two years, then later transferred to Columbia University in New York and majored in political science with an emphasis in international relations. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1983, and upon graduation, worked at Business International Corporation and New York Public Interest Research Group. He then relocated to Chicago to take the $13,000 a year job as Director of the Developing Communities Project, a faith-based agency on Chicago’s far south side. He worked with the low-income residents in public housing developments that were effected by the dislocation and massive unemployment caused by the closing and down-sizing of steel plants. Obama did not feel community organizing was effective enough to solve major domestic problems, so he went to Harvard Law School in 1988 and in 1990, was the first black elected president of the Harvard Law Review. Obama completed his J. D. egree magna cum laude in 1991. After receiving his law degree, Obama returned to Chicago to direct a voter registration drive that resulted in more than half a million blacks going to the polls in Chicago, where he was then praised as a new political star. On October 18, 1992, Obama married Michelle Robinson, whom he met in 1988 while he was employed as a summer associate at Sidney and Austin, a Ch icago law firm. From 1993 to 1996, he was an associate attorney with Miner, Barnhill, and Galland, where he represented community organizers, discrimination claims, and voter rights cases. During this time, in 1995, he published his first of two books, Dreams from My Father. While working for Miner, Barnhill, and Galland, he was also a lecturer of constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School. In 1996, he was elected to the Illinois State Senate and became a partner at Miner, Barnhill, and Galland. He was re-elected to the state senate in 1998 and became a father for the first time with the birth of his daughter Malia. In 2000, he challenged Congressman Bobby Rush for a position in the U. S. House of Representatives and was defeated. His second daughter, Natasha was born in 2001, and in 2002, he ran unopposed for the Illinois State Senate. On July 27, 2004, he gave the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention, which made him a nationally known political figure. Also in 2004, Obama was elected to the U. S. Senate, becoming the fifth African-American U. S. Senator in American History. His second book, The Audacity of Hope, was published on October 17, 2006. It is speculated that the large crowds that gathered at his book signings helped influence his decision to run for president. In Springfield, Illinois on February 10, 2007, Obama announces his intent to run as the Democratic candidate for President of the United States. His slogan â€Å"Change We Can Believe In† is something he himself takes to heart and has written a Blueprint for Change, where he outlines how he will go about changing the United States if elected President. The Blueprint for Change covers twenty-six issues that Obama believes he can change, and some of the major issues include civil rights, economy, education, foreign policy, health care, and immigration. On the topic of civil rights, Obama believes we should combat employment discrimination by overturning the recent ruling that limits racial minorities’ and women’s ability to challenge pay discrimination and would pass the Fair Pay Act, which would ensure that women receive equal pay for equal work. He believes we should also expand hate crime statutes and end racial profiling. In regards to the economy, Obama feels we should provide a tax cut for working families and simplify tax filings for the middle class. He believes that trade with other countries should strengthen the American economy and create more American jobs. Also, he feels we should amend the North American Free Trade Agreement so that it works for American workers. When dealing with the subject of education, Obama believes we should expand the Early Head Start and Head Start programs by increasing the funding for both. He also feels we should provide affordable, high-quality child care to easy the burden on working families and that we should reform the No Child Left Behind Act. Obama believes we should make Math and Science Education a national priority and recruit, prepare, retain, and reward America’s teachers. Also, he feels we should create the American Opportunity Tax Credit to make college affordable for all Americans. One of the most talked about issues in America today is foreign policy. Obama believes that we should immediately remove our troops from Iraq and press Iraq’s leaders to take responsibility for their future. He feels we should expand our diplomatic presence, fight global poverty, strengthen NATO, and move toward a nuclear-free world. An issue that is often brought up in debates is the issue of health care. He will make available a new national health plan to cover all Americans similar to the plan available to members of Congress. His plan will include guaranteed eligibility, comprehensive benefits, affordable premiums, simplified paperwork, and easy enrollment. Obama also wants to create a National Health Insurance Exchange to help people who wish to purchase a private insurance plan. The Exchange would act as a watchdog group to help in reforming the private insurance market. This would be done by creating rules and standards for participating insurance plans to ensure fairness and to make health insurance coverage more affordable. Also, Obama would push for mandatory health care coverage for children. Immigration is the last of the major topics Obama plans to change. He would create secure borders and remove incentives to enter the country illegally by cracking down on employers who hire illegal immigrants. Obama feels we should work with Mexico to encourage economic development in the country to lower the number of illegal immigrants coming to America. Barack Obama is the current front-runner for the Democratic Nomination with 1,419 Delegates, 61 of those from the Texas Primary and 38 from the Texas Caucus. With only ten primaries left until the Democratic National Convention this summer, there is no way either candidate can win all primaries and clinch the nomination. This will be a very historic election no matter who gets the nomination, and I guess we all must wait until August 24th to see who that candidate will be. It just might be the boy who wrote the paper in the third grade that wanted to be President to make everyone happy.

Internet Essays - Media Technology, Cultural Globalization

Internet "Beam me up, Scottie." This popular line from Star Trek was a demonstration of the advanced technology of the future. Though it was a fictional story, Star Trek became the universal vision of the future. As always reality tends to mimic fiction. Though our society has not quite resulted to living in space, we have made life easier with technology. Economic survival has become more dependent upon information and communications bringing forth new technology of which was never thought possible. Just a mere thirty years ago a computer occupied a whole room compared today's palm sized computers, which are faster and perform more functions. Cellular phones, now light and compact, were bulky just ten years ago. The most incredible invention, the Internet, is bringing infinite amount of information to your desktop. In the world of the of the Internet there exist a world blind to skin color and other physical appearances. The Internet while still young in age has grown rapidly, spreading to countries world wide and connecting 50 million users. With its popularity, it is incumbent upon our society to recognize how the Internet works and to be aware of its advantages as well as disadvantages. While seemingly high tech the Internet concept is rather simple. Computers speak to one another and send information. This is accomplished by sending and receiving electronic impulse, and then decoding them into a message. In order to communicate with one another they are linked up in a network. They are then able to access information from thousands of other computers. The network acts like one large computer storing information in various places, rather than in one physical structure. Users tap into the Internet to access or provide information. Internet technology allows one to surf the World Wide Web or send e-mail. The vision of the Internet that would revolutionize the computer and communications belonged to JCR Licklider of MIT (Leiner n. page). In August of 1962 he envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers which would allow everyone to quickly access data and programs (Leiner n. page). A government sponsored project at Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) started in October (Leiner n. page). The race for discovery of such technology raged between the Soviet Union and The United States of America. Both countries wanted control of the possibly powerful tool. Then in 1968, The National Physical Laboratory in Great Britain set up the first test network, which prompted the Pentagon's ARPA to fund a larger project in the USA. (Sterling n. page) However the race was not limited to just nations but also companies. In 1965, working with Thomas Merrill, Lawrence G. Roberts created the first wide-area computer ever built. These experiments proved that computers could work together running programs and retrieving data as necessary on remote machines. Roberts put together his plan for ARPANET, published in 1966. At that time he learned of Donald Davies and Roger Scantlebury of NPL and Paul Baron and others at RAND. Research at MIT (1961-1967), RAND (1962-1965) and NPL (1964-1967) while parallel had no knowledge of one another. In August of 1968 an RFQ, a refined model of ARPANET was released for the development of one of the key components, the packet switches Interface Message Processors (IMP). Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) installed the first IMP at UCLA and the first host computer was connected. By the end of 1969 four host computers were connected together into the initial ARPANET and the Internet was off the ground. In 1977, electronic mail was introduced. (Leiner n. page) As the Internet quickly grew, changes were necessary. The Internet's decentralized structure made it easy to expand but its NCP did not have the ability to address networks further down stream than the destination IMP. Bob Kahn decided to develop a new version of the protocol which eventually became known as the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Compared to the NCP which acted as a device driver, the new protocol was more like a communication protocol. In order to make it easier to use, Host were then assigned names, replacing numbers. A group of scientist then set out to show that a compact and simple implementation of TCP was possible. They succeeded, allowing it to run on desktop computers. (Leiner n. page). Original uses of the Internet included government communications and a forum for scientist to share ideas and help one another in research. In the 1980's the Internet grew beyond its primarily research roots to include a broad user community and increased commercial activity. In present